---
title: "Detection of the Cosmological 21 cm Signal in Autocorrelation at z ∼ 1 with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment"
description: "Abstract We present the first detection of the cosmological 21 cm intensity mapping signal in autocorrelation at z ∼ 1 with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). Using 94 nights of observation, we have measured the 21 cm auto power spectrum over a frequency range of 608.2–707.8 MHz ( z =…"
datePublished: "2026-10-01"
lastmod: "2026-10-04T17:18:43+00:00"
authors:
  - "Mandana Amiri"
  - "Kevin Bandura"
  - "Arnab Chakraborty"
  - "Jean-François Cliche"
  - "Matt Dobbs"
  - "Simon Foreman"
  - "Liam Gray"
  - "Mark Halpern"
  - "Alex S Hill"
  - "Gary Hinshaw"
  - "Carolin Höfer"
  - "Albin Joseph"
  - "Nolan Kruger"
  - "T. L. Landecker"
  - "Rik van Lieshout"
  - "Joshua MacEachern"
  - "Kiyoshi W. Masui"
  - "Juan Mena-Parra"
  - "Kyle Miller"
  - "Nikola Milutinovic"
  - "Arash Mirhosseini"
  - "Laura Newburgh"
  - "Anna Ordog"
  - "Ue-Li Pen"
  - "Tristan Pinsonneault-Marotte"
  - "Alex Reda"
  - "Andre Renard"
  - "Kana Sakaguri"
  - "J. Richard Shaw"
  - "Shabbir Shaikh"
  - "Seth R. Siegel"
  - "Saurabh Singh"
  - "David Spear"
  - "Yukari Uchibori"
  - "Keith Vanderlinde"
  - "Haochen Wang"
  - "Donald V. Wiebe"
  - "Dallas Wulf"
journal: "The Astrophysical Journal"
publisher: "American Astronomical Society"
doi: "10.3847/1538-4357/ae9835"
publicationType: "journal-article"
schemaType: "ScholarlyArticle"
volume: "1009"
issue: "2"
pages: "159"
license: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
sponsor: "Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Research Foundation"
language: "en-GB"
slug: "10.3847-1538-4357-ae9835"
---

# Detection of the Cosmological 21 cm Signal in Autocorrelation at
                    z
                     ∼  1 with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment

**Authors:** Mandana Amiri, Kevin Bandura, Arnab Chakraborty, Jean-François Cliche, Matt Dobbs, Simon Foreman, Liam Gray, Mark Halpern, Alex S Hill, Gary Hinshaw, Carolin Höfer, Albin Joseph, Nolan Kruger, T. L. Landecker, Rik van Lieshout, Joshua MacEachern, Kiyoshi W. Masui, Juan Mena-Parra, Kyle Miller, Nikola Milutinovic, Arash Mirhosseini, Laura Newburgh, Anna Ordog, Ue-Li Pen, Tristan Pinsonneault-Marotte, Alex Reda, Andre Renard, Kana Sakaguri, J. Richard Shaw, Shabbir Shaikh, Seth R. Siegel, Saurabh Singh, David Spear, Yukari Uchibori, Keith Vanderlinde, Haochen Wang, Donald V. Wiebe, Dallas Wulf  
**Journal:** The Astrophysical Journal  
**Publisher:** American Astronomical Society  
**Published:** 2026-10-01  
**Volume:** 1009  
**Issue:** 2  
**Pages:** 159  
**DOI:** [10.3847/1538-4357/ae9835](https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9835)

## Abstract

Abstract We present the first detection of the cosmological 21 cm intensity mapping signal in autocorrelation at z ∼ 1 with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). Using 94 nights of observation, we have measured the 21 cm auto power spectrum over a frequency range of 608.2–707.8 MHz ( z = 1.34–1.01) at 0.4 h Mpc −1 ≲ k ≲ 1.5 h Mpc −1 , with a detection significance of 12.4 σ . Our analysis employs significant improvements to the CHIME data processing pipeline compared to previous work, including novel radio frequency interference detection and masking algorithms, achromatic beamforming techniques, and foreground filtering before time averaging to minimize spectral leakage. We establish the robustness and reliability of our detection through a comprehensive suite of validation tests. We also measure the 21 cm signal in two independent sub-bands centered at z ∼ 1.08 and z ∼ 1.24 with detection significance of 8.6 σ and 9.1 σ , respectively. We briefly discuss the theoretical interpretation of these measurements in terms of a power spectrum model, deferring the details to a companion paper. This auto power spectrum detection demonstrates CHIME’s capability to probe large-scale structure through 21 cm intensity mapping without reliance on external galaxy surveys.

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